ASTM E2227-2002(2008) 司法鉴定用薄层色谱法对纺织品纤维中非活性染料检测指南

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforForensicExaminationofNon-ReactiveDyesinTextileFibersbyThin-LayerChromatography
【原文标准名称】:司法鉴定用薄层色谱法对纺织品纤维中非活性染料检测指南
【标准号】:ASTME2227-2002(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E30.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:fibers;forensicscience;thin-layerchromatography;Fibercolorant;Fibers;Forensicinvestigation/analysis;Nonreactivedyes;Singlefibercomparison;Textilefiber(forensic)analysis;Thinlayerchromatography(TLC)
【摘要】:ForensicanalysisoffibercolorantsusingTLCshouldbeconsideredforsinglefibercomparisonsonlywhenitisnotpossibletodiscriminatebetweenthefibersofinterestusingothertechniques,suchascomparisonmicroscopy(brightfieldandfluorescence)andmicrospectrophotometryinthevisiblerange.TheextractionprocedurescarriedoutpriortoTLCanalysiscanprovideusefulinformationaboutdyeclassification.TLCcanprovideusefulqualitativeinformationaboutdyecomponents.Similarcolorsmadeupofdifferentdyecomponentscanbedifferentiatedusingthistechnique.TheapplicationofTLCmayservetodiscriminatebetweenfibers,oritmayconfirmtheirsimilarity.TLCmaybeprohibitivelydifficultorundesirableinsomecircumstances.Shortlengthsoffibersorpalecoloredfibersmaynothaveanadequateconcentrationofcolorantpresenttobeexamined,dyeextractionfromsomefibersmaybeimpossible.Thedesiretopreserveevidenceforpossibleanalysisbyanotherexaminermayprecluderemovingthecolorforanalysis.Dyefromtheknownmaterialshouldfirstbecharacterizedandeluentsystemsevaluatedtoachieveoptimumseparationoftheextract.Dyeisthenextractedfromsingleknownandquestionedfibers,usinganequivalentamountofmaterial.ThedevelopmentofeachindividualTLCplatewillshowsomevariabilityasaresultofthecoatingandconditioningoftheplate,solventcondition,andtemperature.ItisimportanttoevaluatetheperformanceofeachTLCplatebyspottingknownmaterialsalongwiththequestionedsamples.SeeRef(16).ExamplesforthepreparationofStandarddyemixturesaregiveninAppendixX1.1.1MetamericcolorationoffiberscanbedetectedusingUV/visiblespectrophotometry.Ifspectrophotometryisrestrictedtothevisiblespectralrangeonly,differencesindyecomponentsmayremainundetected.Onemethodofdetectingadditionalcomponentsistousethin-layerchromatography(TLC).TLCisaninexpensive,simple,well-documentedtechniquethat,undercertainconditions,canbeusedtocomplementtheuseofvisiblespectroscopyincomparisonsoffibercolorants.Theprincipleofthemethodisthatthedyecomponentsareseparatedbytheirdifferentialmigrationcausedbyamobilephaseflowingthroughaporous,adsorptivemedium.1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.
【中国标准分类号】:W55
【国际标准分类号】:71_040_50
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语

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【英文标准名称】:Industrialcommunicationnetworks-Fieldbusspecifications-Part5-15:Applicationlayerservicedefinition-Type15elements(IEC61158-5-15:2007);EnglishversionEN61158-5-15:2008,onlyonCD-ROM
【原文标准名称】:工业通讯网络.现场总线规范.第5-15部分:应用层设备定义.15型元件.仅为CD-ROM
【标准号】:DINEN61158-5-15-2008
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-09
【实施或试行日期】:2008-09-01
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:应用层;应用;总线系统;总线;电路网络;通信;计算机应用;计算机控制;控制;控制设备;控制系统;控制工艺学;数据总线;数据通信;数据交换;数据传输线;数据连接系统;数据网络;数据处理;数据设备;数据传送;数据传输控制规程;定义;数字的;数字数据;数字工程;电子数据处理;电气工程;电子仪器;电子系统;英语;现场总线;制导系统;工业的;工业设施;信息交换;信息处理;信息技术;接口(数据处理);MODBUS;开放系统互连;操作技术;OSI;过程控制工程;设备;规范;规范(验收);传输媒质
【英文主题词】:Applicationlayer;Applications;Bussystems;Buses(dataprocessing);Circuitnetworks;Communication;Computerapplications;Computerizedcontrol;Control;Controlequipment;Controlsystems;Controltechnology;Databus;Datacommunication;Dataexchange;Dataline;Datalinksystem;Datanetwork;Dataprocessing;Dataservices;Datatransfer;Datatransmissioncontrolprocedures;Definition;Definitions;Digital;Digitaldata;Digitalengineering;EDP;Electricalengineering;Electronicinstruments;Electronicsystems;Englishlanguage;Fieldbus;Guidancesystems;Industrial;Industrialfacilities;Informationinterchange;Informationprocessing;Informationtechnology;Interfaces(dataprocessing);MODBUS;Opensystemsinterconnection;Operationaltechniques;OSI;Processcontrolengineering;Services;Specification;Specification(approval);Transmissionmedia
【摘要】:TheType15fieldbusprovidestwomajorcommunicationmechanismsthatcomplementeachotherstosatisfycommunicationrequirementsinthefieldofautomation:theClient/ServerandthePublish/Subscribeparadigms.Theycanbeusedconcurrentlyonthesamedevice.Type15Client/ServeroperatesinaClient/Serverrelationship.Itsapplicationlayerservicedefinitionsandprotocolspecificationsareindependentoftheunderlyinglayers,andhavebeenimplementedonavarietyofstacksandcommunicationmedia,includingEIA/TIA-232,EIA/TIA-422,EIA/TIA-425,HDLC(ISO13239),fiber,TCP/IP,WirelessLANsandRadios.Type15Publish/SubscribeoperatesinaPublish/Subscriberelationship.Itsapplicationlayerservicedefinitionsandprotocolspecificationsareindependentoftheunderlyinglayersandcanbeconfiguredtoprovidereliablebehaviourandsupportdeterminism.ThemostcommonstackisUDP/IP.Thefieldbusapplicationlayer(FAL)providesuserprogramswithameanstoaccessthefieldbuscommunicationenvironment.Inthisrespect,theFALcanbeviewedasa“windowbetweencorrespondingapplicationprograms.”ThispartofIEC61158providescommonelementsforbasictime-criticalandnon-time-criticalmessagingcommunicationsbetweenapplicationprogramsinanautomationenvironmentandmaterialspecifictoType15fieldbus.Theterm“time-critical”isusedtorepresentthepresenceofatime-window,withinwhichoneormorespecifiedactionsarerequiredtobecompletedwithsomedefinedlevelofcertainty.Failuretocompletespecifiedactionswithinthetimewindowrisksfailureoftheapplicationsrequestingtheactions,withattendantrisktoequipment,plantandpossiblyhumanlife.ThispartofIEC61158defineinanabstractwaytheexternallyvisibleserviceprovidedbytheType15fieldbusapplicationlayerintermsofa)anabstractmodelfordefiningapplicationresources(objects)capableofbeingmanipulatedbyusersviatheuseoftheFALservice,b)theprimitiveactionsandeventsoftheservice;c)theparametersassociatedwitheachprimitiveactionandevent,andtheformwhichtheytake;andd)theinterrelationshipbetweentheseactionsandevents,andtheirvalidsequences.ThepurposeofthispartofIEC61158istodefinetheservicesprovidedto1)theFALuserattheboundarybetweentheuserandtheApplicationLayeroftheFieldbusReferenceModel,and2)SystemsManagementattheboundarybetweentheApplicationLayerandSystemsManagementoftheFieldbusReferenceModel.ThispartofIEC61158specifiesthestructureandservicesoftheType15IECfieldbusApplicationLayer,inconformancewiththeOSIBasicReferenceModel(ISO/IEC7498)andtheOSIApplicationLayerStructure(ISO/IEC9545).TheprincipalobjectiveofthispartofIEC61158istospecifythecharacteristicsofconceptualapplicationlayerservicessuitablefortime-criticalcommunications,andthussupplementtheOSIBasicReferenceModelinguidingthedevelopmentofapplicationlayerprotocolsfortime-criticalcommunications.Asecondaryobjectiveistoprovidemigrationpathsfrompreviously-existingindustrialcommunicationsprotocols.ItisthislatterobjectivewhichgivesrisetothediversityofservicesstandardizedasthevariousTypesofIEC61158,andthecorrespondingprotocolsstandardizedinsubpartsofIEC61158-6.ThisspecificationmaybeusedasthebasisforformalApplicationProgramming-Interfaces.Nevertheless,itisnotaformalprogramminginterface,andanysuchinterfacewillneedtoaddressimplementationissuesnotcoveredbythisspecification,includinga)thesizesandoctetorderingofvariousmulti-octetserviceparameters,andb)thecorrelationofpairedrequestandconfirm,orindicationandresponse,primitives.
【中国标准分类号】:N18;P76
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_70;35_160
【页数】:141P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语

Product Code:SAE AMS3358
Title:Silicone Potting Compound, Elastomeric, Two-Part General Purpose, 80 to 180 Poise (8 to 18 PaMks) Viscosity
Issuing Committee:Ams G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Scope:This specification covers a room-temperature-vulcanizing, elastomeric silicone compound.